Frequently Asked Questions.

Your investment is structurally protected. Each property on Netok is held by an independent Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) — a separate legal entity that owns the asset. Your tokens represent equity in that SPV, not in Netok itself. If Netok ceases operations, the SPV continues to exist, the property remains titled to it, and your ownership rights are unaffected.

Under the Swiss DLT Act (in force since August 2021), crypto-based assets — including security tokens — can be legally segregated from a custodian's bankruptcy estate. This means your tokens are not treated as Netok's assets in insolvency proceedings. A replacement administrator or the investors themselves can appoint a new property manager to continue operations.

This SPV isolation model is the same structure used by institutional real estate funds and REITs worldwide.

Vacancy and default risk are inherent to any real estate investment, tokenized or not. Netok mitigates this through several layers:

Each property's financial model includes a vacancy allowance (typically 5–8% of gross rent) that absorbs short-term gaps in occupancy. The local property manager handles tenant screening, lease enforcement, and — if necessary — eviction proceedings under the applicable jurisdiction. Properties with multiple units spread the risk across tenants.

During vacancy periods, net distributions to token holders decrease proportionally. There is no guaranteed return — as with any real estate investment, income depends on occupancy.

Token prices reflect the underlying property value. If the real estate market declines, the value of your tokens declines accordingly. There is no capital guarantee.

Netok focuses on residential and mixed-use properties in the Switzerland–Italy corridor — markets characterised by structural demand and relatively stable valuations. Properties are appraised at issuance and re-appraised periodically. Updated valuations are published on the property page.

The physical property is insured against standard risks: fire, natural disasters, water damage, and third-party liability. Insurance is contracted at the SPV level.

However, there is no insurance on investment performance. Neither Netok nor any third party guarantees rental income, token value, or capital preservation. Bank deposit guarantee schemes (such as esisuisse in Switzerland, which protects bank deposits up to CHF 100,000) do not apply to security tokens.

In self-custody, you bear sole responsibility for private key security. In custodial arrangements, the Swiss DLT Act provides for segregation of crypto-based assets from the custodian's bankruptcy estate.

Each property is managed by a licensed local property manager. Management agreements include performance KPIs: occupancy rate, maintenance response time, and financial reporting accuracy. Fees (typically 8–12% of gross rental income) are deducted at SPV level before distributions.

Quarterly reports are published for each property. If a property manager underperforms, the SPV operating agreement grants the right to terminate and replace the manager.

Switzerland: Rental income distributions are taxed at your ordinary income tax rate. Private capital gains on security tokens are generally tax-exempt (unless classified as professional trading). Tokens are subject to annual wealth tax. A DTA with Italy prevents double taxation.

Italy: Distributions are generally subject to a 26% flat substitute tax (imposta sostitutiva). Capital gains at 26%. IVAFE wealth tax at 0.2% on foreign financial assets.

Important: Tax authorities are still developing specific guidance for tokenized securities. Consult a qualified tax advisor before investing. Netok does not provide tax advice.

All investors must complete KYC/AML verification: government-issued ID, proof of address, and source-of-funds declaration. Verification takes 1–3 business days.

Once verified, your KYC status is encoded on-chain via ERC-3643. The smart contract enforces transfer restrictions: tokens can only be transferred to KYC-verified wallets. Sanctioned wallets and restricted jurisdictions are automatically blocked at the protocol level.

Netok is structured under the Swiss DLT Act (in force since 1 August 2021), which integrates blockchain-based securities into existing financial market law. Tokens are classified as ledger-based securities (Registerwertrechte) under the Swiss Code of Obligations.

For EU investors, MiCA and MiFID II provide the regulatory framework, with the DLT Pilot Regime enabling regulated trading of tokenized securities.

Netok is in pre-launch phase and working toward FINMA compliance. This website reflects the frameworks we intend to operate under — not a licence already obtained.

Rental income is distributed monthly in stablecoin (USDC/USDT) to your wallet via smart contract. To convert to fiat: select "Withdraw to bank" in your dashboard, enter the amount, confirm your IBAN, and the off-ramp provider initiates a SEPA (EUR) or SIC (CHF) transfer. Funds arrive in 1–2 business days.

Conversion fees are typically 0.5–1.5%. No lock-up on distributions.

An SPV (Special Purpose Vehicle) is a separate legal entity created to hold a single property. Risk isolation: if one property faces issues, it cannot affect others or Netok itself.

The land register shows the SPV as owner, leases are between SPV and tenants, insurance is in the SPV's name. Token holders are indirect beneficial owners through their equity stake. This is the same architecture used by institutional real estate funds and REITs.

No mandatory lock-up. You can transfer tokens to any KYC-verified wallet at any time. However, liquidity is not guaranteed — before the secondary market launches, finding a buyer requires a willing counterparty.

Realistically, treat tokenized real estate as a 3–5+ year investment. Selling at short notice may require accepting a discount in low-liquidity periods.

Before investing: property factsheet, SPV operating agreement, token terms, and legal prospectus.

After investing: monthly income statements, quarterly property reports (occupancy, maintenance, revaluations), and annual audited SPV financials.

On-chain: key documents are linked via ERC-3643, creating an immutable audit trail accessible from your dashboard.

A security token is a blockchain-based digital asset representing a regulated financial instrument — in Netok's case, fractional equity in a real property held by an SPV. Unlike utility tokens, security tokens carry investor rights: income distributions, potential capital gain, and governance participation.

No. Netok provides a custodial wallet for non-crypto users. You can invest with a standard bank transfer. Advanced users can connect their own ERC-3643 compatible wallet for full self-custody.

Rental income is collected by the property manager, converted to stablecoin, and distributed monthly via smart contract directly to your wallet. Withdraw to your bank at any time via the integrated fiat off-ramp.

Peer-to-peer transfers between KYC-verified wallets are enabled from day one. A regulated secondary market is projected for Q3 2026. All transfers require the recipient to pass KYC — enforced at the smart contract level.

CHF/EUR 100 per token. Each token represents one fractional share of the SPV owning the property. There is no maximum — institutional investors may purchase entire token series subject to regulatory limits.

Netok charges: 2% tokenization fee on primary issuance, 0.5% annual management fee, and 1% secondary market transaction fee. Property management costs (8–12% of gross rental income) are deducted at SPV level.

A stablecoin is a cryptocurrency pegged 1:1 to a fiat currency. USDC and USDT hold dollar-denominated reserves; DAI uses over-collateralised crypto assets.

Netok uses stablecoins because they settle instantly (under 60 seconds on Polygon), at any hour, globally, at a fraction of bank wire cost. Convert to EUR or CHF via the fiat off-ramp at any time.

Gross yield = Annual rent / Property value × 100. Net yield = (Rent − Operating costs) / Property value × 100. Operating costs include management fees, insurance, maintenance, vacancy allowance, and Netok's 0.5% fee.

Example: CHF 1M property, CHF 45K gross rent = 4.5% gross. After CHF 12K costs = 3.3% net yield to token holders.

ERC-3643 is a suite of Ethereum standards designed for regulated securities. It adds KYC-enforced transfer restrictions, forced transfers for legal compliance, token partitions for different share classes, and on-chain document linking — making tokens legally defensible instruments under FINMA and MiCA.

ERC-3643, also known as T-REX (Token for Regulated EXchanges), is an open-source security token standard with modular on-chain compliance: ONCHAINID for verifiable investor identity, updatable compliance modules, and granular agent roles. Netok uses ERC-3643 as the compliance layer, selecting infrastructure partners based on FINMA guidance at the time of issuance.